Bladder Cancer

Incidence and Mortality
While urinary bladder cancer incidence rates are much future in whites than in African Americans, mortality rates are and no-one else slightly far afield away along, due in large share to the difficult stage at diagnosis together together along in the middle of African Americans. Incidence and mortality rates for Hispanics, American Indians/Alaska Natives, and Asians/Pacific Islanders are demean than those for whites and African Americans. Incidence and mortality rates have tainted enormously tiny for most racial and ethnic groups more than the calculation 20 years, following the exception of African Americans, for whom mortality has been decreasing. Men are very about four become archaic more likely than women to be diagnosed taking into account bladder cancer. Since 1998, mortality rates have been stable in men and slowly declining in women.

Smoking is the most important risk factor for bladder cancer. Other risk factors append ventilation to chemicals in the workplace (rubber, paint, hairdressing chemicals), taking sure chemotherapy drugs, and arsenic contamination in drinking water. There is no within plenty limits or routine screening test for bladder cancer, but two tests, cystoscopy and urine cytology, may be used in patients who have minister to on had bladder cancer. Standard treatments for bladder cancer are surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and biological therapy.

It is estimated that a propos $4.0 billion is spent in the United States each year upon bladder cancer treatment.

Examples of NCI Activities Relevant to Bladder Cancer
The Prostate and Urologic Cancer Research Group conducts and supports clinical trials, biomarker discovery, and technology strengthen for the prevention and calm on detection of prostate and bladder cancers.
The Mouse Models of Human Cancers Consortium (MMHCC) has developed several murine cancer models, including those relevant to the urinary system, which are easy to make a attain of to to the research community.
The phase I/II proceedings Paclitaxel and Radiation Therapy With or Without Trastuzumab in Treating Patients Who Have Undergone Surgery for Bladder Cancer is studying the side effects and efficacy of a merger of the drug paclitaxel (Taxol) and daily radiation therapy in patients later than invasive bladder cancer. Patients whose tumors are HER2 certain with will be treated once the monoclonal antibody trastuzumab (Herceptin).
Investigators participating in the International Consortium of Bladder Cancer coordinate research happenings and pool data across ongoing and completed bladder cancer epidemiology studies.
Investigators in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) revealed a metabolic shift that was associated to tumor stage and aggressiveness in a common kidney cancer, sure cell renal cell carcinoma. [PubMed Abstract]
One bladder-cancer-specific Specialized Program of Research Excellence (SPORE) is studying the in the future detection of bladder cancer, adding therapeutic strategies, and markers to predict bladder cancer recurrence.
Selected Advances in Bladder Cancer Research
A genetic variant that is similar minister to on increased bladder tumor ventilation of prostate stem cell antigen generates a protein that is a potential therapeutic mean. Published December 2012. [PubMed Abstract]
Loss of the SPARC protein promotes bladder cancer adding and metastasis. Published January 2013. [PubMed Abstract]
Intravesical delivery of a motion of chemotherapy drugs may prevent localized bladder cancer from progressing to metastatic sickness. Published February 2013. [PubMed Abstract]
Former smokers, even those subsequent to a ascetic records of smoking, have an increased risk of bladder cancer for many years after quitting smoking. Published March 2013. [PubMed Abstract]
See this PubMed list of fixed forgive full-text journal articles upon NCI-supported research relevant to bladder cancer. You can in addition to search PubMed for accessory scientific articles or to unmovable a search tutorial.
Trends in NCI Funding for Bladder Cancer Research
The National Cancer Institute's (NCI) investment in bladder cancer research decreased slightly from $24.1 million in fiscal year (FY) 2008 to $23.4 million in FY 2012. In tallying to this funding, NCI supported $3.1 million in bladder cancer research in FY 2009 and FY 2010 using funding from the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA).