The cause of death can be identified for many stillbirths, researchers have then found. That can promotion parents heal.
"The pleasing news is, a lot of the risk factors that are known into the future [in pregnancy] are moody," says scholastic George Saade, MD, professor of obstetrics and gynecology and chief of the disaffection of maternal-fetal medicine at the University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston.
Among those, he and his colleagues found, are losing weight, if needed, and not using illegal drugs. Another risk factor is not smoking during the three months forward pregnancy occurs, they found.
Stillbirth, defined as fetal death at 20 weeks into the pregnancy or progressive, affects one in 160 U.S. pregnancies. In the U.S., roughly 26,000 infants are stillborn each year. After a ensue less in stillbirth from 1990 to 2003, the rate has been stagnant.
The added research, funded by the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, was conducted by the Stillbirth Collaborative Research Network. It was set happening to quarters stillbirth as a public health event.
The research is published as two studies in the Journal of the American Medical Association.
Stillbirth: Risk Factors Known in Early Pregnancy
Saade and his colleagues evaluated 614 stillborn infants, comparing them to 1,816 infants delivered healthy. The psychiatry was finished together as well as March 2006 and September 2008 at 59 U.S. hospitals.
After evaluating a number of factors, they found many maternal factors fused as soon as stillbirth. They complement:
Being African-American
Having diabetes
Being age 40 or older
Having AB blood type
Having a records of illegal drug use as soon as addiction
Smoking cigarettes in the three months in the to the fore getting pregnant
Being overweight or obese
Not alive when a handbag
Having a previous stillbirth
Carrying multiples
The odds of stillbirth for each risk factor ranged. Smoking during the three months in the in the by now pregnancy, for instance, raised the odds approximately 1.5 period; previous stillbirth a propos six-fold.
The research results narrowing to the dependence for fine prenatal care and counseling, Saade tells WebMD. "It's important to begin prenatal care forward, suitably that any of these risk factors can be addressed," he says.
Even thus, he says, the moody risk factors "yet account for a rather small proportion of the risk,'' probably less than a quarter of cases, he says. Other risk factors are still unspecified, he says.
Eventually, the list of risk factors will be even longer, Saade says.
However, he says, some unadulterated risk factors aren't as hermetically sealed as people may execution.
Even though a woman who has had one stillbirth is at increased risk of option, he says, "the majority of women behind a previous stillbirth have a conscious birth in a subsequent pregnancy."
One major strength of this tallying chemical analysis, Saade tells WebMD, is that it looks at an entire population, not just stillbirths from one hospital or one region. This makes the results more definite.
Stillbirth: Causes of Death
In a second scrutiny, researchers conducted autopsies on speaking stillborn infants. The psychoanalysis was ended from March 2006 to September 2008 at the 59 hospitals. They found a probable or attainable cause of death in 390 of them, once 312 of them having a probable cause.
"A cause of death can be found in the majority of cases," says chemical analysis speculative Bob Silver, MD, professor of obstetrics and gynecology at the University of Utah in Salt Lake City.
Most commonly, the causes of death were:
Obstetric complications
Placental abnormalities
Fetal genetic or structural abnormalities
Infection
Umbilical cord abnormalities
High blood pressure or auxiliary health problems in the mother
African-American mothers were more likely to have a stillbirth than women of adding occurring races, behind 43% of black women (but 23% of women of modernize races) experiencing a stillbirth.
Silver tells WebMD that many parents are reluctant to undergo an autopsy coarsely the fetus. However, he encourages them to be responsive consequently. "We think it's in drive of fact important to locate a cause," he says. "It helps relief emotional healing and interruption for parents."
"Almost invariably, they ache to think roughly another pregnancy," he says of parents who have a stillborn infant. With the recommendation from the autopsy, an review of the placenta, and genetic psychiatry concerning the baby, he says, the parents can be counseled roughly higher pregnancies.
The two calculation studies are an important contribution in an below-studied research area, says Gene Burkett, MD, professor of obstetrics and gynecology in the maternal-fetal medicine distancing at the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine. He reviewed the findings but was not enthusiastic in the research.
"If we can locate the risk factors and make a investigative effort to accord subsequent to the risk factors, we can lower the incidence of stillbirths," he says.
Burkett heads an effort to condense stillbirth at his academic world. One of the causes noted by Silver's bureau, placental problems, may actually reflect underlying health conditions that dependence treatment, Burkett says.
Even hence, the findings reduction to the further details for loud and into the future prenatal care, he says, especially for those known now to be at higher risk.
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