What Are Testicles?

The testicles are male sex glands that are portion of the reproductive system.

Males have two egg-shaped testicles, or testis, which may be slightly swing in size.

The testicles are liable for the production of sperm as dexterously as testosterone, an important male sex hormone.

Anatomy of the Testicles

The testicles are located in the scrotum, a sac of skin that hangs knocked out the penis and together in the middle of the legs.

Each testicle is held in place by a spermatic cord, which is made of tough connective tissue and muscle surrounding the vas deferens (a large sperm-carrying duct), blood vessels, lymph vessels, and nerves.

The testicles have a fibrous covering called the tunica, which consists of two layers: the inner tunica albuginea and the outer tunica vaginalis.

The tunica albuginea divides the testicles into individual sections called lobes, or lobules. Altogether, the lobules contain approximately 800 seminiferous tubules  tightly coiled U-shaped tubes that associate happening to the rete testis, a network of uncoiled, interconnected channels.

The rete testis, in slope, connects through ducts to different tightly coiled tube  the epididymis. The epididymis is composed of a head, body, and tail that be neighboring to to the vas deferens.

Function of the Testicles

There are two main types of cells that let the testicles to fabricate sperm and hormones: germ cells and in arrangement stromal cells.

Germ cells origin the seminiferous tubules and manufacture sperm. The tubules along with contain a type of stromal cell called Sertoli cells, which guidance the germ cells produce and transport sperm.

Sperm travel through the long maze of the seminiferous tubules and rete testis, ending taking place in the epididymis, where they sufficiently epoch more than the course of a few weeks.

Once they are become pass, sperm shape to the vas deferens, where they elaborate considering fluids from the manageable prostate gland and seminal vesicles, forming semen. During ejaculation, the sperm-carrying semen is pushed out of the body through the urethra in the penis.

Aside from Sertoli cells, there are various new types of stromal cells that assist every second purposes.

Leydig cells  specialized stromal cells  are located within the soft connective tissue in together along together in addition to the seminiferous tubules, beneath the tunica albuginea, and in the septum tissue that divides the scrotum into two areas.

These important cells are the body's main source of testosterone.

As a male sex hormone, testosterone helps the germ cells make sperm and is hurt to the maintenance up front and doing of the male reproductive organs. In lump, it gives men libido (sex hope).

Testosterone is plus blamed for producing additional sex characteristics in men, such as a deep voice, body and facial hair, and augmented muscles and body size.

Diseases and Conditions of the Testicles

A broad range of diseases or health issues may play in the testicles, including:

Undescended testicle, in which one or both of the testicles fail to disturb opinion into the scrotum by now birth

Testicular trauma, which may cause scrotal carbuncle and aching

Testicular torsion, in which the spermatic cord gets twisted, vitriolic off the testicles' blood supply (plus tormented feeling)

Epididymitis, an inflammation of the epididymis, and orchitis, an inflammation of one or both of the testicles, which are often caused by sexually transmitted diseases, such as chlamydia and gonorrhea

Primary hypogonadism, in which the testicles don't produce passable testosterone

Though relatively rare, testicular cancer may along with produce in the germ cells. Stromal cells may along with produce tumors, which are typically benign.

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