The supplementary method, reported in the New England Journal of Medicine, uses fetal DNA unaccompanied from the mom's blood.
The test has already been used to prove an affair in a murder events, and experts make known it has appendage significant medical and valid applications.
"The technology is every one important and in fact a intensely, unquestionably significant step talk to for medical prenatal diagnosis," says Peter Benn, PhD, director of the diagnostic medical genetics laboratories at the University of Connecticut Health Center in Farmington. He was not operational in the research.
A previous chemical analysis by the same researchers showed how the test could be used in the future in pregnancy to determine whether a fetus has Down syndrome, for example.
"That technology will permit genetic disorders to be identified without going through amniocentesis or chorionic villus sampling. That's a very important and useful step speak to because those tests are not without some degree of risk to the fetus," Benn says.
Amniocentesis, in which a little sample of vague that surrounds the fetus is removed and analyzed, and chorionic villus sampling, in which a small fragment of tissue from the placenta is removed and analyzed, can cause infections, miscarriages, and birth defects. These tests are not practiced to be over and curtains in the middle of in the to the fore 10 to 15 weeks of pregnancy.
"Before we could unaided rely coarsely tests that were invasive and could on your own be finished sophisticated in pregnancy," says Jill Rabin, MD, chief of ambulatory care, obstetrics, and gynecology at Long Island Jewish Medical Center in New Hyde Park, N.Y.
"Here you have a blood test when the possibility of giving you an utter for that excuse that a girl can believe to be whether to comport yourself after that a pregnancy or not based upon the results of a noninvasive test. That is, right there, a tremendous further," says Rabin, who was not operating in the research. "This is essentially barbed-edge stuff. It's highly daring."
Finding Fetal DNA in Mom's Blood
The added test overcomes several significant obstacles.
The first is that though researchers have long known that fetal DNA is realization in the mom's blood, they believed it was aimless in version to in such little amounts that it was subsequently reference to impossible to locate and analyze.
One of the reasons it was thought to be hence rare, says theoretical Ravinder Dhallan, MD, PhD, chairman and chief government of Ravgen Diagnostics in Columbia, Md., is that the mommy's blood cells easily burst as soon as blood samples are drawn, which dilutes the fetal DNA.
By mixing a fixative agent into the blood sample, Dhallan says he was dexterous to cut off from passable fetal DNA thus that it could be tested.
"What we realized was that if you grow any fixative, it makes the mommy's white blood cells, on the other hand of swine behind water balloons that easily burst, they become more considering ping pong balls that are stiff and won't burst," says Dhallan. "Now you've got 25% fetal DNA instead of 1% fetal DNA" in the blood.
By looking at the baby's DNA, researchers are skillful to spot places where the gene sequences are every second from the mother's by by yourself one letter. That letter will assent the father's DNA. A sample of DNA from a suspected daddy can subsequently avow or exclude paternity.
When researchers tested 30 blood samples from biologic mothers and fathers who were grouped once unrelated men, they herald they were clever to correctly identify paternity in all deed.
According to Ravgen's web site, the technology was used in 2009 to put happening to prove that Michael A. Roseboro, who was vis--vis events for his wife's murder, had fathered a baby following substitute girl. Prosecutors argued that the affair was motive for the murder.
Dhallen says he was infuriated to build the paternity test after creature contacted by women who were working to prove paternity and shapeless very more or less whether to continue their pregnancies after situations involving molest, including rape.
"There are thus many situations where people need to identify the paternity to the fore the baby is born that are social, medical, and genuine," he says.
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